For VUL (subscription), yes – at least once every 30 days for phone-home. For offline air-gapped environments, Veeam offers an Offline License File (generated manually via MyVeeam with a hardware ID). You cannot use a standard keygen offline.
Grants permanent rights to use the version delivered before the support expiration. These are typically "per-socket" for older customers. Subscription License: veeam backup and replication 12 license key