: It breaks down the differential equations used to determine critical loads ( Pcrcap P sub c r end-sub
Many problems require deriving stability equations for non-standard columns or frames. The manual helps confirm if your mathematical "path" is correct. Structural Stability Chen Solution Manual
We must solve $\tan(u) = u$, where $u = kL$. The smallest non-zero root is $u \approx 4.493$. : It breaks down the differential equations used