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Originally titled Shams al-Ma’arif wa Lata’if al-’Awarif (The Sun of Knowledge and the Subtleties of Elevated Things), the text is a massive compendium of . Unlike Western grimoires that often focus on demonic pacts, the Shams is rooted in "Qur’anic theurgy"—the belief that the universe is governed by divine codes hidden within the Arabic language and the Names of God. The Core Sciences of the Text: Sun of Knowledge (Shams al-Ma'arif): Arabic Grimoire

The instructions were simple. At the next planetary hour of the Sun (dawn on a Sunday), draw the Seal of Suleiman in fresh ink on your left palm. Recite the 71st Name— Al-Mu’akhkhir , The Delayer—three times. Then look into a mirror.

Shams al-Ma’arif (The Sun of Knowledge) is perhaps the most famous and infamous text within the canon of Islamic occult sciences. Written in the 13th century by the North African Sufi master Ahmad al-Buni, the text has circulated for centuries in manuscript form and, more recently, in print and digital PDF formats, making it accessible to a global audience.

Then came the internet.

Complex charts combining letters and numbers, often aligned with planetary movements, to achieve magical effects.

The Sun of Knowledge (Shams al-Ma’arif): An Arabic Grimoire in Selected Translation by Amina Inloes (2021).